Pro-forma A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pro-forma A - Essay Example It has also followed conventions of point of purchase promotion used by its predecessors. Internet presence is relatively low-key, though consumer response to the brand on the medium has been unusually heavy. - Key message of promotion: The brand promises to transport women to a fantasy world of elegance and high technology. It takes the position of a fragrance for the modern woman (Thunder Perfect Mind, 2006). The brand promise goes well beyond the physical attributes of the product, and focuses on intangible benefits. It connotes an exaggerated sense of power for liberated women, and takes a seemingly liberal view on aspects of personal preferences. One of the distinguishing features of advertising for the perfume, unlike for other Prada product lines, is that there is no attempt to show women in a seductive light for the apparent pleasure of men. This is a significant departure for Prada, encouraging women to spend money on the perfume for their own pleasure, rather than to attract attention from the opposite sex. Prada Perfume promotion makes no effort to suggest that it is something for men to buy as a gift for women. The entire promotion seems designed to bring in a completely new demographic segment in to Prada's basket of existing customers. - Media chosen: Prada has chosen film, print media and point of purchase promotion, with a modicum of web presence as well. Store displays and sampling is aggressive at premium outlets, following conventions for this product category. - Assumed customer segment: Prada seems to have chosen young working women (The Prada Perfume Ad, 2006). Advertisements show women in a most glamorous but independent light, which shows synergy with the unusual pack design and product color as well. The style of advertising and the language and tone used in the cited advertisement and the company website, all show a focus for the mainstream white Caucasian market. The brand, as with other perfumes, is priced for women with considerable disposable income, as the unit purchase price is well over $50. - Assumed required Marketing outcome: It is normal for perfumes to offer values far beyond their physical attributes, and Prada has copied this approach. The brand has a futuristic appeal for the modern woman (Prada Company Website, 2006). Prada has traditionally catered to an older segment of women than it appears to have selected for the perfume. Perfume itself is a new line for this fashion company with 19th century roots. The Marketing outcome seems to be for Prada to leverage its goodwill for new market segment entry. (Prada, 2006) Proforma B Required Marketing Outcome: To enable Prada to cater to a younger demographic group than its traditional base, with an entry in to a new product line, related to traditional textile and leather lines of fashion products. Secondly, the brand should make best use of the existing goodwill for the Prada name. The promotion efforts should result in a significant market presence for the Prada brand in the perfume segment. There is no access to actual sales and contribution targets set by Prada for the perfume, but it is safe to assume that the company would affect

How did the relationship between individual and state change over the Essay

How did the relationship between individual and state change over the course of the twentieth century - Essay Example This was a philosophy held by John Locke in the 17th century. In the traditional governments, only the high class citizens were allowed into politics and this did not include women. The Montagnards took up leadership and implemented revolutionary economic and social policies that resulted in revolts and violent reactions from the citizens. In the 19th century, most nations across Europe, North America and Spanish America adopted liberalism which opposed traditional conservatism and promoted representative democracy and the rule of law in government. Over the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a characteristic change in the ideologies of citizens that influenced their relationship with state. The French revolution was characterized by various liberal movements including the women’s march on Versailles which forced the royal court back in Paris. Before World War I, the European political scene was dominated by liberalism but this was slowly replaced by socialism in the early 20th century. The Soviet Union communism was based on Marxism–Leninism ideology which held that the policies of understanding social life were the prevalent truths since the party was enlightened. It denied the possibility of multiple truths. Nazism was a form of socialism in the 20th century that was featured by theories of racial hierarchy, expansion of power and subjection to a single strong leader. The Nazis under Adolf Hitler aimed at eradicating social divisions to promote a strong homogenous society by expanding its territories at the expense of its neighbors. Like the most previous ideologies, Nazism excluded women from political involvement and classified them as children. It was against interracial interactions and trained young girls to avoid race defilement. In the book Under a Cruel Star by Kovà ¡ly, the writer describes her trials as a Jew during the Communism and

Louis Philippe Sub Brands Marketing Essay

Louis Philippe Sub Brands Marketing Essay Louis Philippe was launched in India in 1989. Celebrating the sophistication of the Indian gentleman, Louis Philippe garments establish that their wearer is a man of infallible taste and class. The brands Franco-Italian lineage, combined with its focus on global fashion gives it indisputable premium and an exclusive image. Today, Louis Philippe is a brand leader in formal and quasi-formal wear. The embellished Crest is a sign that the wearer of a Louis Philippe wardrobe has truly arrived. Today, the Crest is prized even more for its focus on luxury, exquisite craftsmanship and attention to detail, establishing that its wearer is truly a member of The Upper Crest. The comfort and perfection of the clothing is also evident in their line of elegant shoes, crafted from the finest leather, and their range of innerwear, sourced from the softest cotton. Louis Philippe garments are available at 125 stores, and at the exclusive LP stores created by famous European architect John Marsala. The brand continues to be the leader in retail sales in all leading menswear and department stores. The retail experience is further augmented by Madura Fashion Lifestyles retail chain Planet Fashion. Louis Philippe also launched sub-brands including LP and Luxure. LP by Louis Philippe has an exciting range of shirts, trousers, T-shirts, suits, jackets and accessories to put together a youthful wardrobe. Luxure, the masterpiece collection, was created to deliver sartorial elegance for the refined connoisseur. Louis Philippe recently made a foray into the footwear segment, offering more than 40 exciting designs, in an unparalleled width in the formals market. Louis Philippe sub brands LP by Louis Philippe http://www.madurafnl.com/brands/images/lp_image.jpg Louis Philippe expanded its offering with the launch of a sub-brand in November 2007. LP by Louis Philippe is aimed at young achievers and upscale urbanites, who demand wardrobe versatility. It ascertains the style mantra for todays generation.   Formals finally get what they have always deserved: style, attitude and panache. The new age formals with hidden styling detail in every single garment: a coloured gusset on the side seam, an innovative trim, or a unique fabric wash. Half the battle is already won with the all-occasion LP wardrobe. Priding itself on being the trendsetter for the cool, stylishly spirited confident youngster who lives today with a confident eye on tomorrow, LP is the brand for those who are in a hurry to make a mark in this world, but will not compromise on either their values or on fun, en route.   The LP line has an exciting range of shirts, trousers, T-shirts, suits, jackets and accessories to put together a youthful wardrobe. Crafted with love and passion, and a fine eye for detail, the collection has been designed by ThincTank New York, a group of ace designers from New York, and the Design laboratory at Bangalore. With two trendy fits in shirts and denims, four styles in trousers and three in suits and jackets, the LP range provides ample options for customising a wardrobe to individual preferences.   Luxure Inspired by Louis Philippe, a monarch of another age, and Art Nouveau, an artistic movement of an era gone by, brand Louis Philippe was born in the United Kingdom in 1965.   A lyrical ode to the tailor, artist, craftsman, all rolled into one, Louis Philippe celebrates the craft of the artisan in true Art Nouveau style. Louis Philippe test-launched the Luxure brand in select stores across India in November 2008. Created to deliver sartorial elegance for the refined connoisseur, the masterpiece collection strengthens brand Louis Philippes promise to deliver excellence to customers who have an appreciation of the finer things in life. With Luxure, consumers have access to exquisite apparel, consummate craftsmanship, luxurious materials and delicate aesthetics, all core to the values and heritage of Louis Philippe. Louis Philippe footwear http://www.madurafnl.com/brands/images/luxure_shoe.jpg Louis Philippe recently made a foray into the footwear segment, offering more than 40 exciting designs, in an unparalleled width in the formals market. The footwear range includes the Classic, the Dress and the Relaxed product lines for style-conscious, comfort-seeking customers. Louis Philippe shoes have been manufactured with the latest know-how of the Italians, who are known for their fine craftsmanship. Louis Philippe shoes undergo 200 different processes of production excellence in order to craft every single masterpiece. Pure leather has been used for both the outer body and the inner lining. The soles are soft and light; some of them constructed with the lightest wood, Masonite. Leather boards have been introduced in the front and back of the shoe to help retain its elegant shape for a long time. Twin material leather sole helps it to breathe and thereby retain freshness for the feet at all times. In order to provide longevity, technical sole construction is introduced in the shoes. TALKIN ABOUT BRAND BUILDING ACTIVITIES Teeing off Indias richest domestic golf tournament   Louis Philippe is a premium brand synonymous with sophistication, style and success, qualities that are essentially associated with golf as well. And in a perfect match between the Madura Fashion Lifestyle brand and the prestigious sport, Louis Philippe has come to be associated with Indias richest domestic golf tournament, the Louis Philippe Cup, held at the KSA Golf Course, Bangalore, between March 5- 10, 2012.   According to Jacob John, Brand Head, Louis Philippe, fan involvement is a key element of the Louis Philippe Cup. We want to build a platform where true golf fans have a chance to play alongside pros, he adds. Pointing out that the values and qualities of Louis Philippe blend with those of golf, he feels this association with the premier sport is a perfect match, and will help the brand to move up to the next rung in the ladder. The Louis Philippe Cup is creating a buzz in Indias 100,000-strong golf community, which is growing phenomenally. The event promised to tee-off greater interest in the sport, raising its profile across India. Louis Philippe presents DIMENSIONS with Vijay Amritraj Louis Philippe, the premium mens clothing brand, in association with CNN-IBN brings you Dimensions with Vijay Amritraj, a first-of-its-kind show in the history of Indian television. This special series presented by Louis Philippe, will be anchored by the legendary tennis player Vijay Amritraj and will feature the brightest global icons that have mesmerised people across the globe with their magic; from sporting legends and business tycoons to supermodels and Hollywood A-listers. http://www.madurafnl.com/images/dimension_vijay_donald.jpg BUSINESS POTENTIAL AND ENVIRONMENT FACTOR ASSESSMENT A Shirt A Louis Philippe Shirt Functional Emotional/Functional Concrete, Rational Conceptual, Perceived Describes What Describes What Who Generic Unique, Distinct Limited life span Unlimited life span Transaction oriented Relationship oriented Easy to copy Cant be copied Luxury Brand Management Protect clients from non-clients. Luxury brand awareness must be superior to its penetration. An object must always be up to par with its brand. Brand Strategy Source Brand Strategy Endorsing Brand Stategy Analysts said the new sub-brands which were launched as a result of the brand getting extended both to new segments as well as to other product classes like footwear would contribute too much of the projected future growth. Despite the phenomenal growth in the sales, the Louis Philippe brand had been facing some problems. The raw material costs associated with apparel making had increased due to the high rates of inflation which the Indian economy had been facing for some years before 2011. Rupee Depreciation Blues Louis Philippe has stepped up local sourcing and reduced imports to protect it from the rupees vagaries. It imports specialty fabrics, trims, finishing and woven garments from China, Indonesia, Italy and Turkey. Imports account for 25 per cent of its fabric needs. This used to be 35 per cent till a few months ago. With the rupee depreciation, imports have become costlier. We have increased domestic sourcing to reduce dependence on imports. If the rupee behaviour continues, we will reduce imports further, says Jacob John, Brand Head. Specialty fabrics The brand has traditionally sourced from mills in Ahmedabad and Chandigarh. Apart from deepening existing ties, Louis Philippe has now found new suppliers in Kolhapur. Many Italian mills have set up units in Kolhapur, says John. But imports cannot be shunned, given that certain specialty fabrics are hard to find in the country. They need a good balance of local and imported fabrics. We are negotiating with suppliers abroad on the price front. While the rupee depreciation has not affected most apparel brands in the country, as they mainly source locally, premium brands which have a high import content face a margin squeeze. The weak rupee forced Louis Philippe to hike retail prices by Rs 100-200 in July, which marked the start of the autumn-winter season. Price hikes Earlier, Louis Philippe shirts were priced between Rs 1,299 and Rs 3,000. Now, the price range is Rs 1,399-Rs 3,500. With the end-of-season sales hogging the limelight in July-August, the real impact of the price hike will be felt this month onwards. There is an overall sluggishness in the market. Hopefully, the festive season will perk things up. We will continue to expand our retail network aggressively. Says Brand Head. In the last one year alone, Louis Philippe added 50 exclusive stores to take its total tally to 135. Louis Philippe expects to grow 15 per cent and touch a retail turnover of Rs 1,000 crore this year. OVERVIEW These new super premium ranges of branded apparel were priced 100 percent higher than the other existing premium brands in the market. The Louis Philippe brand was also extended to cater to the needs of different customer segments. Louis Philippe entered the luxury market for mens formals with the introduction of the Luxure sub brand. Luxure was very successful and contributed to nearly 15 percent of the total revenues in the stores in which it was introduced. Louis Philippe introduced another sub brand called LP for semi-formal clothing for young customers. It also introduced premium footwear for men in the year 2010. The introduction of new sub brands paid off and the sales of Louis Philippe reached Rs. 6.5 billion for the fiscal year ending March. 2011. But Louis Philippe was also facing some challenges in the form of new players entering the market and an increase in excise duties which increased the price of branded apparel. The question to be asked is whether Louis Philippe wil l be able to sustain its growth momentum in future and what the implications are for marketing. The market for branded readymade mens wear was very limited in India till the early 1980s. The growth rates were also very low. One of the main reasons for this was that Indian men were accustomed to buying cloth and getting it stitched as per their custom body measurements. This practice hindered the emergence of national level brands in the apparel business. The market began to change by the mid-1980s and a small market for branded apparel started to emerge. One of the first entrants into this sector was Madura Coats India; a 51 percent subsidiary of the UK-based JP coats. It entered the ready to wear garments business in India through three divisions: Madura Garments (ready to wear clothing), Coats India (threads division), and Madura Textiles (fabric supplier). Madura Garments was acquired by ABG in the year 2000 and later renamed as Madura Fashion and Lifestyle (Madura FL) The Louis Philippe brand was extended into the footwear segment in April 2010. The entry into the footwear sector was aimed at giving more choice in style and needs to Indian customers in the matter of their footwear. The lack of choice in the Indian footwear market had led to many Indians shopping abroad for their footwear needs. Initially, mens shoes were launched in the formal wear sector with 40 unique designs to choose from. Just like its apparel business, the new footwear was launched in the premium and super-premium segments Continuing its growth momentum, sales of the Louis Philippe brand were expected to reach Rs. 8.50 billion by the fiscal year 2011- 2012.

Malcolm X vs. Dr. King: Passive vs; Aggressive Essay -- essays researc

Africans were brought to America by Europeans, not of their own volition, but in chains, without the knowledge that over the next several hundred years, generations and generations of our people would be brutally and unjustly treated as nothing more than property or animals. The era during which slavery flourished, Africans were bred, overworked, beaten, lynched, and stripped of any positive identity or self respect. When slavery was abolished in 1865, Africans, or former slaves, were left without a â€Å"place† in America. Where did they fit in? What was the role that they were to play as, so called, American citizens? Some, undertook the role of â€Å"leader†, and preached and taught what they felt was the best process by which, blacks could achieve equality. From the beginning, however, there were conflicts concerning the nature of how this was to be accomplished. This discrepancy over passive and aggressive attitude concerning the advancement of blacks in America h as permeated, and at times, divided the black community from the time that Africans were brought here in chains, until the present. Malcolm X’s philosophies, which centered more on blacks accepting themselves, and loving themselves, and creating their own sense of pride, was deemed racist by the media and he was portrayed as militant/violent by the Civil Rights Activists, when in fact Malcolm X’s teachings contain the exact remedy that we â€Å"victims of America† (Malcolm X uses this term to distinguish the fact that blacks were not brought to America out of their own volition) need in order to live the best lives in the conditions that we have been forced into by whites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Booker T. Washington, born in 1856, was a prominent leader of the black community during the years following the abolishment of slavery, who believed that equality and respect for blacks would be gained over time. Washington preached to his followers that they should work on bettering themselves, not through liberal education, but by learning a trade or vocation which could be of service to either the black or white community, and that in time, whites would allow blacks to assimilate into their society. William Edward Burghardt Dubois, born in 1868 and more commonly known as W. E. B Dubois, was Washington’s adversary. Dubois preached that blacks should demand their rights, both human and civil, and that this w... ...proach of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Dr. King and financed by whites, would lead to the loss of black pride because it would encourage blacks to â€Å"try to be white† in order to â€Å"fit in† the white society. Today, blacks have the same legal rights as whites, but there is still blatant racism in America. Blacks have integrated into the white society, and the loss that Malcolm feared has become a reality. We straighten our hair in order to make it look like theirs, wear their clothes, and learn a school curriculum that centers around their history. There are more black men in prison than in college, and the percentage of black owned businesses is considerably disproportionate to the black population. The Civil Rights Movement was successful, and the Black Power Movement has been forgotten, but have blacks found their â€Å"place†? SOURCES: Haley, Alex; The Autobiography of Malcolm X; Ballantine Publishing Group; 1964 Malcolm X; â€Å"Message to the Grass Roots,† speech, Nov. 1963, Detroit (Published in Malcolm X Speaks, ch. 1, 1965) Malcolm X; speech, Dec 12, 1964, New York, NY Marable, Manning; â€Å"By Any Means Necessary: The Life and Legacy of Malcolm X†, speech; New York, NY

Gravimetric Analysis Essay

The purpose of experiment 1, also named Gravimetric Analysis, is to study the use of analytical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that involves determining what matter is and how much of it exists. It is the science of separating, identifying, and determining the components that make up a compound and determining a specific amount of that compound. There are two types of analytical chemistry: qualitative and quantitative. This experiment uses quantitative analysis to determine the amount of a substance, or several species, and measure it in numerical terms. More specifically, this experiment uses gravimetric analysis, a form of quantitative analysis that uses an analytical balance, an instrument that yields accurate and precise data, to measure the masses of several substances. Experiment 1 involves the precipitation of a complex compound called aluminum 8-hydroxyquinilinate, also called Alq3. In order for this precipitation to occur, an organic precipitating agent, 8-hydroxyquinilinate (abbreviated OxH) is used to react with aluminum ions to form this complex compound. For this reaction to take place, OxH must be deprotonated, so that its anion, Ox-, will bond with the aluminum ions (the OxH molecule itself will not react with aluminum ions). As a result, the pH of the solution has a major effect on the precipitation in this experiment. If the pH is too low and there is an excess of hydrogen ions, then by Le Chatelier’s principle, the equilibrium will shift to the left, creating more OxH molecules. Ox- will no longer be available and a precipitation will not occur. If the pH is too high and there is an excess of hydroxide ions, the aluminum ions will react with the hydroxide ions. There will be no aluminum to react in the precipitation. If the pH is neutral, OxH is not very soluble and may cause it to precipitate out itself. So in order for this precipitation in this experiment to take place, it is vital that a buffer solution of ammonium acetate is used to control the pH of the solution. Also, the less aluminum ions in the solution, the more it will precipitate. In order to do this, an excess of OxH is added to shift the reaction towards the precipitate form. However, OxH has a limited solubility in water, so too much of an excess cannot be added. In order for the precipitate to work best in this experiment, we would have to allow it to digest. This lets use filter the precipitate completely. We do this by drying the precipitate in an oven and letting it age overnight. This promotes the formation of fewer, larger, and more pure particles of the precipitate. In the end, we are trying to find the concentration of aluminum in the solution (millimole of aluminum per mililiter of solution). We do this by converting the mass of the precipitate into moles and using mole-to-mole ratio and stoichiometry; we find the moles of aluminum ions. We then divide this by the volume of the solution to find the molarity, or concentration, of the aluminum ions.

Organizational Competitive Strategies-Porter’s Five Forces Model (AIR ASIA) Essay

The Porter’s five forces model, in this assignment, can be used to access the competitiveness of the airlines industry. It can review the competition within the industry plus checks for threat from outside. Bargaining power of supplier-High- In every industry, there has to be someone to play the role of a supplier. It is important to know the power of the supplier as it will affect the industry. There are only two main suppliers in the airline industry, Airbus and Boeing, thus there isn’t much of an open option. Not forgetting the global economic catastrophe which has limited the new entry of competitor plus reducing the necessity of upgrading of planes in near future. However, both suppliers grant almost similar standard aircrafts; hence the switch to AirAsia is low. Furthermore, AirAsia places a bulky amount of order from Airbus in order to expand its routes internationally. Therefore, the authority of suppliers may weaken as Airbus’s profit may be influenced by Air Asia. Bargaining power of customer-High- Customers are the main factor which influences the industry to either make a loss or profit. Nowadays, customers are much more knowledgeable and comparative compared to previous. Thus, they are very sensitive to the hike and drop of prices, regardless the product or service. In this assignment, AirAsia always provides the lowest price to customers, but the act of comparing between airlines still exist. AirAsia is not the only one providing an airline service thus, for a customer to switch between airline services is simple. For example, customer may still choose MAS, Tiger Airway or even Firefly. Internal rivalry within the industry-High- In every business sector, there exist either a positive or negative tendency towards an industries rate of development. Result of a positive trend would be in companies not stealing the share market among them. Nonetheless in an airline industry, the rate of development is low by reason of the inadequate amount of consumers. Hence, AirAsia has to steal the market share from its contenders to develop and succeed further. The main key advantage is its low operating overhead, this factor enables it to be the prime in the main field in price. Nonetheless, there are many other upcoming competitors or rivals immerging into the airline industry, who have key carriers as their backbone, which may direct to an ugly price clash in the coming years. There are few other minimal cost airline services such as Firefly, Tiger Airways and etc, making them possible competitors of AirAsia. Barriers to Entry/Potential entrants-Low- there is a high barrier to emerge in the airline industry since the capital required is very high, such as the need to purchase airplanes, office buildings and hiring staffs. Hence this reduced the threat for AirAsia. Plus brand awareness is also a main leading factor. A new line of aircraft can’t make a mark so fast in the industry and it requires a lot of capital and time to build its name. Consumers always prefer a brand that has been there for an adequate amount of time, a brand that they can trust. This also reduces the threat. Not forgetting the governmental legislation also is a barrier by itself. For example, MAS has got the backing and protection by the Malaysian government on the route to Sydney and Seoul, so AirAsia finds it tough in getting a new route from the government. This reduces the profit margin able to be made by AirAsia, but also has reduced emergence of new entries. Power of Substitutes-Medium- Substitute are products or services which can replace the originals, and still able to provide almost the equivalent fulfillment to clients. In the airline industry basically, two types of substitutes are present, indirect and direct. Indirect substitute are ferry, bus and further forms of transportation except from airline, while direct substitute are the other rival airlines. Consumers usually go for those that cost less. If the trip covers a short distance and mainly connected to the peninsula then forms of transport will include train, bus or air travel. However if the trip is budgeted the preferable choice would be by bus. Moreover the development in technology has highly contributed in this matter by making ticketing and pricing of air tickets available to travelers on the internet and also allowing them to compare the rates. Even if the travelers may prefer to take a bus or train to their preferred location such as travelling from Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok, it is still an undeniable fact that air travel is much more convenient and consumes less time.

Free Essays on Iran Contra

In 1922 President Franklin Roosevelt introduced the â€Å"Good Neighbor† Policy. This policy was created to keep the United States from getting involved in problems that could and would occur in Central America. This policy, however, did not stop many government agencies from interfering and creating a few new problems for United States neighbors. Of course, all of this was done in an aim to better the political position of the United States. In 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency created a rumor of an assassination attempt in Guatemala to run the corrupt government out of the country. This is a perfect example of the United States sidestepping policy and becoming entangled in Latin American affairs. History of course, was destined to repeat itself. Only this time, it would be a scandal that would shake the very foundation of a nation. When President Reagan was elected in 1980, he came into office promising to restore America’s military and moral prestige in the world. Voters responded when he pledged to be tough on terrorists, a vow he repeated time and time again: â€Å"Let me further make it plain to assassins in Beirut and their accomplices, wherever they may be, that America will never make concessions to terrorists.â€Å" Was this vow strictly a campaign promise made that he never intended to honor? In 1970 in Nicaragua, President Anastasio Somona Debayle fled the country. A civil war had been devastating the nation’s economy. The popular sentiment showed that the public wanted the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas promised free enterprise but what they brought was political oppression. The United States tried to form an alliance with them but the Sandinistas grew closer to the USSR. Many Nicaraguans rejected this government. They decided to fight back. The rebel Nicaraguans groups that formed was known as the Contras. President Reagan had long ago taken a stand against the Sandanistan regime. He â€Å"embracedï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Iran Contra Free Essays on Iran Contra In 1922 President Franklin Roosevelt introduced the â€Å"Good Neighbor† Policy. This policy was created to keep the United States from getting involved in problems that could and would occur in Central America. This policy, however, did not stop many government agencies from interfering and creating a few new problems for United States neighbors. Of course, all of this was done in an aim to better the political position of the United States. In 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency created a rumor of an assassination attempt in Guatemala to run the corrupt government out of the country. This is a perfect example of the United States sidestepping policy and becoming entangled in Latin American affairs. History of course, was destined to repeat itself. Only this time, it would be a scandal that would shake the very foundation of a nation. When President Reagan was elected in 1980, he came into office promising to restore America’s military and moral prestige in the world. Voters responded when he pledged to be tough on terrorists, a vow he repeated time and time again: â€Å"Let me further make it plain to assassins in Beirut and their accomplices, wherever they may be, that America will never make concessions to terrorists.â€Å" Was this vow strictly a campaign promise made that he never intended to honor? In 1970 in Nicaragua, President Anastasio Somona Debayle fled the country. A civil war had been devastating the nation’s economy. The popular sentiment showed that the public wanted the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas promised free enterprise but what they brought was political oppression. The United States tried to form an alliance with them but the Sandinistas grew closer to the USSR. Many Nicaraguans rejected this government. They decided to fight back. The rebel Nicaraguans groups that formed was known as the Contras. President Reagan had long ago taken a stand against the Sandanistan regime. He â€Å"embracedï ¿ ½...

Free Essays on Comrades

Comrades is a celebration of male friendships. Acclaimed historian Stephen Ambrose begins his examination with a glance inward he starts this book with his brothers, his first and forever friends, and the shared experiences that join them for a lifetime, overcoming distance and misunderstandings. He next writes of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had a golden gift for friendship and who shared a perfect trust with his younger brother Milton in spite of their apparently unequal stations. With great emotion, Ambrose describes the relationships of the young soldiers of Easy Company who fought and died together from Normandy to Germany, and he recalls with admiration three unlikely friends who fought in different armies in that war. He recounts the friendships of Lewis and Clark and of Crazy Horse and He Dog, and he tells the story of the Custer brothers who died together at the Little Big Horn. Ambrose remembers and celebrates the friends he has made and kept throughout his life. Comrades concludes with the author's recollection of his own friendship with his father. "He was my first and always most important friend," Ambrose writes. "I didn't learn that until the end, when he taught me the most important thing, that the love of father-son-father-son is a continuum, just as love and friendship are expansive."... Free Essays on Comrades Free Essays on Comrades Comrades is a celebration of male friendships. Acclaimed historian Stephen Ambrose begins his examination with a glance inward he starts this book with his brothers, his first and forever friends, and the shared experiences that join them for a lifetime, overcoming distance and misunderstandings. He next writes of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had a golden gift for friendship and who shared a perfect trust with his younger brother Milton in spite of their apparently unequal stations. With great emotion, Ambrose describes the relationships of the young soldiers of Easy Company who fought and died together from Normandy to Germany, and he recalls with admiration three unlikely friends who fought in different armies in that war. He recounts the friendships of Lewis and Clark and of Crazy Horse and He Dog, and he tells the story of the Custer brothers who died together at the Little Big Horn. Ambrose remembers and celebrates the friends he has made and kept throughout his life. Comrades concludes with the author's recollection of his own friendship with his father. "He was my first and always most important friend," Ambrose writes. "I didn't learn that until the end, when he taught me the most important thing, that the love of father-son-father-son is a continuum, just as love and friendship are expansive."...

A war between the United States and Iran Essay Example for Free

A war between the United States and Iran Essay ? Preparations for a massive military strike on Iran are in full swing by the United States of America. But will these preparations convert to actual bombing on the ground? Are the two countries going to be embroiled in a war soon? These are the questions that are being asked everywhere, in hushed tones if it is the Pentagon corridors and terrified glances if it is the streets of Tehran. With Iran defying the UN’s call for restraint in its nuclear programme openly, it has only become successful in intensifying the speculations about the war. The issue here is â€Å"Is it inevitable? † Before we get in to the nitty-gritty of the Iranian crisis, let us look into the different causes of the wars that have been raged in the recent future. The twentieth century started with World War I in 1914 and since then, it is interesting to note that the wars have a particular pattern. The causes have always been dependent on three factors: Systemic factors, domestic politics and the role of the Decision maker. Hence, we would also try to view the US-Iran issue through this prism. However, comparing the pre-nuclear wars in a pre-nuclear age with wars in post-nuclear age would be a waste of space. Instead, it would do well if we look into the causes that can trigger a war in the present times where possessing nuclear power is not only a stark reality but also the bone of contention in this particular case. It is the claim by the Iranian government that they are ready to start developing nuclear weapons is what has triggered the whole issue. And ironically, it is the very reason that is playing a deterrent in the war. Remarkable is the fact that it is only America that is concerned with Iran trying to possess the deadly weapon. The first and foremost question that would help us in determining the fate of this discussion would be: Why is America so bothered? America, the self-declared big brother of all the nations on this planet, takes up the â€Å"burden† of maintaining peace on earth. To quote Eisenhower, â€Å"Freedom is indivisible.. †. America takes it as its personal duty to ensure that â€Å"Freedom† is maintained all over the world. If it was â€Å"Communism† that was a threat against â€Å"Freedom† during the cold war, today it is the irresponsible rulers of nations that possess or aspire to possess nuclear weapons that are threatening the â€Å"Freedom† in the world. And when Truman declared that â€Å"We cannot hope to maintain our freedom, if freedom elsewhere is wiped out†, he meant it. However, the reasons why Israeli attack on Palestine killing hundreds of civilians is not wiping out â€Å"Freedom† but North Korea developing nuclear capability is has interesting reasons. History has been witness to this characteristic of America where it deems it is her right to attack any country it wills to protect the attacked country’s â€Å"freedom†. According to Jutta Welders (Pg 37, culture of insecurity), the compelling reason for America to act in this fashion is to maintain its supremacy in the world. An act of aggression under the cloak of â€Å"Freedom fighters† becomes a necessity to project itself as a strong nation which can not only defend itself but protect other countries as well. A bright example would be the Cuban missile crisis. When this â€Å"crisis† occurred, many were of the view that it was quite unnecessary for America to take up such a strong and aggressive tone. However, it did do that and according to Jutta Weldes, it is the compelling reason to showcase its power that led it to act strong. In fact, Jutta Weldes considers the Cuban missile crisis as not a crisis at all. To quote her, â€Å".. crises are social constructions that are forged by state officials in the course of producing and reproducing state identity†. She is of the view that it depends on the social construction that makes us define a situation as â€Å"Crisis†. It depends on how we view a nation that determines whether it is a crisis or not. For example, Iran possessing nukes is such a big issue and is immediately converted into a â€Å"Crisis† whereas an equally notorious state like Pakistan possessing the deadly weapons is not. It has been time and again proved that large number of terrorist activities has their funds traced back to Pakistan. However, Pakistan escaped the whip but Iraq was destroyed in the name of WMDs! The only explanation for this is the prism that US uses to define its foreign policies. Attack the nations that would give it a chance to maintain her supremacy in the world. Attacking Pakistan would back fire as it has the capability to strike back. And attacking Iraq or Iran will definitely be easier as these countries have a notorious reputation which required some policing and also are comparative weaklings. Hence, the systemic reasons for US to wage a war against Iran are quite obvious: a chance to police a nation that has a history of supporting the biggest threat world faces today, that is, terrorism and simultaneously reaffirm its image as the superpower which it seems to be losing to China. If attacking Iran salvages some pride for US, the role of domestic politics in the whole affair plays another important role. US, the strongest nation in the world today, are also the most vulnerable to attacks by various terrorist outfits. After 9/11, it has taken its goal of fighting terrorism quite seriously. However, the path it has chosen to fight it is not very often appreciated. The aftermath of 9/11 saw it attacking Afghanistan and driving out the Taliban ruthlessly. Afghanistan was the target because it sheltered the most dangerous terrorist outfit in the world, Al-Qaeda. Their slogan was a regime change is essential for to â€Å"smoke out† the terrorist and the whole war was essentially to capture one man – Osama Bin Laden. The attack resulted in the killings of thousands of innocent Afghanistan who were already tired by the war torn politics of Taliban. America could never capture the villain. However, it overthrew Taliban and today, a â€Å"democratically† elected government exists in place of it. Is Afghanistan a changed country today? Has America finally left its shores after the war? Both the answers are No! Terrorism has been controlled and yes, America is still â€Å"guarding† Afghanistan with its air raids on civilians. The failure of capturing Osama in Laden was quite frustrating for the Bush administration and it was in search for a new scapegoat. And they found the perfect one in the form of Saddam Hussain. Suddenly, Iraq, the starving nation which was already bogged down by various sanctions and its citizens further troubled by the tyrannic rule of Saddam Hussain finds itself in the line of fire. The reasons given are quite fishy. America is suddenly in possession of confidential information that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction and Saddam Hussain should be relieved of his responsibility of taking care of them! The reasons were uttered in the same chilling tone of how Iraq, which can’t survive without taking aid from UN, poses the danger of destroying the whole world. The solution that is needed is again a â€Å"Regime Change†. America reasoned introduction of democracy in the country will solve the problem. Thus, despite the worldwide protests that marked the growing contempt against America and the UN Security Council voting against a military attack, America single-handedly went about with its â€Å"war on terrorism†. After 3 years of war, a executed Saddam Hussain, uncountable civilian deaths and threats of civil war ( not to forget the daily suicide attacks by shiities), no one found alleged WMDs. Today, it has been almost accepted that the report on WMD was wrong! The flak US received for the irresponsible behavior is enormous and its image in the middle east has gone for a beating as today, many believe that US is waging war on Islam rather than Terrorists. Its belief that a regime change is the only solution that can solve the problems of the world is quite naive. It proposes the same thing when it comes to Iran. Seymour M. Hersh, in journal â€Å"Fact: Annals of national security† had mentioned his conversation with Patrick Clawson, an Iran expert who is the deputy director for research at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and who has been supporter of President Bush, who clearly spoke of regime change the ultimate solution. He said, â€Å"So long as Iran has an Islamic Republic, it will have a nuclear-weapons program, at least clandestinely. The key issue is therefore, how long will the present regime last? † This archaic view that regime change or toppling of government in another country and forcing them to â€Å"democracy† has never worked in bringing the much desired goal of the war – peace. In fact, statistics have shown that the transition period from any kind of rule to democracy has always been bloody and nations become quite war-prone (Democratization and war). The most recent examples are, of course, Afghanistan and Iraq, which are facing gruesome infighting among themselves. So why is America so bent upon making a regime change in those countries? Apart from the apparent reasons of dismantling the network of terrorism, experts are of the view that it is also the question of who controls the oil in the future that has been a major driving force behind the American policy. Middle East is the home for oil throughout the world and it is the control of oil that is US after. With its fast disappearance and soaring prices (reasons partly because the war that US is waging), the control of the oil fields will definitely be beneficial for America. In fact, the one who controls oil in the future is the undisputed king. This goes in line with the policy of US for whom displaying its authority is very important as it seems to be losing the crown to the exponential growth of China. Therefore, attacking Iran is also a desperate attempt by US to reiterate that it is America that is still calling the shots. However, attacking Iran has its own dangers. The most important and the immediate is the image of US in the Islamic world. Its continuous attacks on Islamic nations has made it poised against Islam and has become quite unpopular in the Middle East. If not anything else, America through these attacks is only getting successful in inviting the wrath of the people living there. In a conversation with Seymour M Hersh, Richard Armitrage was echoing the same sentiments – â€Å"What will happen in the other Islamic countries? What ability does Iran have to reach us and touch us globally – that is, terrorism? Will Syria and Lebanon up the pressure on Israel? What does the attack do to our already diminished international standing? And what does this mean for Russia, China and the U. N Security Council? † Yet how many in Washington will consider these questions? According to Seymour, there are people out there who believe it is the way to operate! If domestic politics are reasons enough to wage war, the role of the decision maker is of paramount importance. It is the head who declares wars and in this case Bush has quite a penchant for declaring wars. It is widely believed that Bush will declare war against Iran before leaving the White house. In fact, President Bush believes that â€Å"He must do what no democrat or Republican, if elected in the future, would have the courage to do, and that saving Iran is going to be his legacy†. The personal ambition of Bush also seems to make the fear of turning Teheran in to a sea of fire in to reality. Moreover, with the failure of Iraq where they achieved instant victory but not a decisive one, Bush administration is looking out for scapegoats in a large way. Iran with its close proximity with Iraq is believed to be a supplier of arms and ammunitions to the Shiite attackers in the troubled Iraq. Those attacks are not only killing innocent Iraqis but also resulting in the death of hundreds of American troops out there. In short, it is a personal failure for Bush as a president as he forced his military in to war for no reasons. It becomes very important for him to fathom some pride and Iran seems to be a ripe case. One House member told Seymour when speaking of Bush â€Å"The most worrisome thing is that this guy has a messianic vision†. Therefore, you have President Bush waiting to bomb Iran at the slightest pretext. But how can attacking Iran solve the Iraq problem? The strategy that is being followed by the Americans is to start infighting in Iran and force it to take some irresponsible action like an up in the activities along the Iraqi border. The first response to any of American disturbance in Iran is believed to be given across the Iraq border which presently houses many American troops. The white house hopes to take advantage of that situation and make it an excuse to attack Iran. This reason is widely believed to work as the blame of first strike can always be switched to Iran and America will only be fighting for â€Å"Safeguarding† its citizens. Combining the above reasons, America declaring war on Iran seems to be a matter of time. The systemic, domestic politics and decision maker reasons a need for another war. The attack on Iran will accomplish three important factors for America. 1. America is believed to be the favorite target for the terrorists and its war on terrorism is necessary to protect itself as a nation. Moreover, this would give the image of the departing super power the much needed boost. An attack on Iran will give the masculine quality to the nation that it believes will spread â€Å"awe† across the world. 2. The second and more compelling reason for the attack is the role that domestic politics plays in this issue. Attack on Iran will bring about a regime change which will help America post â€Å"Freedom† there. This in other words means another puppet government that would act on the whims of US. This is quite beneficial as this gives it direct control over the oil fields of Iran along with Iraq’s, thanks to the WMD ghosts. So, that means with a single strike, not only do they believe that terrorism and nukes will be taken care of but also the oil fields. 3. The third reason is President Bush. His stint as President of America has mainly been marred by Wars. If in the past it was Afghanistan, now it is Iraq. Apparently, both have them have been failures as there have been no decisive victories. The victories have only been fast as is expected from a war between the super power and a starving nation. Iran war will give him the much needed boost to his image as this war can be a golden opportunity to pass the blame on Iran for the Iraq fiasco. Taking all these reasons into considerations, attack by America on Iran for possessing Nukes is quite imminent. Experts say Iran is still five to ten years away from developing any kind of weapon. However, America is bent upon going ahead with its plans. Therefore, nukes or no nukes, Iran is the golden opportunity to accomplish a lot many tasks. Nuclear disarmament is just one of the small ones. A war between the United States and Iran. (2017, Mar 01).

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management Essay

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management - Essay Example An expectation is primarily concerned with promises to be fulfilled while a motive is an intention of acting in a certain way or doing something. Lastly, a drive is a push factor that pushes someone to act in a particular manner. All these factors play a pivotal role in motivating people hence effective managers must understand their employees and what motivates them. In order to understand what motivates an employee, the manager must find out what that employee’s needs are and what goals they have set for themselves. There are two distinct categories of theories of motivation and these are content and process theories. According to Finchman & Rhodes (25), content theories of motivation focus on what motivates an individual. They are typically concerned with determining the specific needs that motivate people. On the other hand, process theories attempt to describe and analyze how people are motivated, that is, how behavior is aroused, directed and sustained (Schultz, 54). Mas low’s hierarchy of needs is probably the most recognized theory of motivation. The hierarchy comprises of five levels of needs namely physiological, security, social, self-esteem and self-actualization needs (Schultz, 54). The seeds develop from the bottom to the top and in as far as organizational performance is concerned, there is the need for managers to identify the needs and goals of the employees in order to be better positioned to satisfy them. There are two assumptions underlying the needs theory.

Reflection Paper 1 page about Eveline and the other page about the Essay

Reflection Paper 1 page about Eveline and the other page about the lottery - Essay Example r home.† Everybody can relate to hoping for something better, for change that might improve their life, and are often faced with difficult choices. In weighing up the possible advantages of going far away, gaining status as a married woman, looking at the bad things in her present situation, Eveline seemed to be trying to convince herself to make the changes. â€Å"She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise?† The doubts are always bubbling beneath the surface of the narrative, this is a universal dilemma when life is not ideal and something better seems to be available. The chance to travel, to have a loving husband might make a young woman happy and excited, or so I thought. Eveline’s dilemma reflects how many of us would feel and there is also a question as to whether she loved Frank. The ideal of a love that could overcome every obstacle is missing; Eveline might well be running from one controlling man to Everybody hopes their choices will lead to change for the better in their life, but sometimes fear of the unknown, and taking stock of what you already have helps to make the decision for you. This is what I think Eveline did, but I am left with the question – did she make the right choice for the right reasons? Maybe the answer is in these words: â€Å"Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.† Told from the objective point of view, this story was shocking and horrific, as the tension built, and what at first appeared a positive, pleasant village custom, became something very sinister. I thought the stones were for some childish game, to be played after the lottery finished. I saw nothing significant in â€Å"..eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys.† I believed that somebody was going to win a pot of money and life would go on, with everybody pleased at the winner’s good fortune. But this story had a darker meaning about

International Political Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Political Economy - Assignment Example ment of patents and copyrights which will strictly intellectual property rights and investor-state-arbitration that will grant investor the right to initiate dispute against a foreign government under the international law. Personally, I do not think it is necessary to have an additional agreement such as TPP to govern MNCs and FDIs because there are already existing frameworks that functions like TPP such as GATT, NAFTA, APEC etch. TPP however strengthens the enforcement of intellectual property rights and provide investors to initiate dispute against foreign government which could instill confidence among MNCs and FDIs. Recently, President Barack Obama visited its allies in Asia the latest of which is the Philippines. Albeit the two countries had different expectation about Obama’s visit, where President Obama is lobbying for the TPP and the Philippines to get the commitment of United States against China’s increasing aggression, the latter expressed openness and willingness to participate in the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership). Walmart is good for the US/global welfare because it has dramatically cut the price of products by partnering with China. By offshoring its supply center to China, the cost of goods that will be sold drastically dropped making goods and services more affordable and therefore good for US/global welfare. Walmart changed the center of power in retailing that manufacturers no longer dictates price which made it expensive but rather the retailer such as Walmart which is sensitive to the market and dramatically dropped it. Walmart is not good for women. In its drive to bring the cost of its retailed products down, one of the components it downgraded is the salary and benefits of its employees. In addition, there had been reports also that Walmart discriminate against women in its retail outlets which made the retail giant not good for women. Cutting costs to sell cheap had the implication of not only lowering salaries which is

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Apple's Entry into the Mobile Phone Market - Essay Example The Apple phone was launched on the 29th of June, 2007 by Apple Inc and a higher version of the same model made its way into the hearts and minds of the consumers during July, 2008 amid widespread media coverage the world over. In 2007, it sold between 500,000 and 1 million phones within two days of its launch. (Srinivas, 2008) In terms of the model that has been used for the Apple phone for the development of a relevant marketing plan and strategy, we will study the International Market Entry Mode Strategy that this company has used. This strategy is ideal for those companies that wish to diversify geographically. (Walter et al, 1988) This strategy along with others that have to do with market segmentation and brand positioning for maximum customer satisfaction will be used in order to evolve a strategy that is best suited for the purpose of an entry level product in a market as diverse as that of the global market. (Srinivas, 2008) The first element when entering a new market is the risk factor. For the Apple phone there has been a strategic management of risk through a change of location as well as the launch of personalised and online services. There, is a need to now focus on changing passive international sales into hardcore business. It is important to capitalise on the opportunities by undertaking risks so as to achieve organisational growth. Therefore, once the entry level mode is applied to this situation, there will be a concerted effort towards arriving at decisions that have to do with control, risk and commitment as demonstrated in the diagram below: To deal with the risk factor at an entry level, this diagram shows that the commitment level was set high so as to start by catering to consumer satisfaction. With effective segmentation, it will be easy to find out the areas of investment so as to find an appropriate positioning on the scale where exports start. (Walter et al, 1988) Therefore, a good entry level

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Germany and the germans class - Essay Example er polished his oratory skills but at the same time he could afford himself to unbosom himself to his confidents, which was unacceptable during official speeches. Trevor-Roper set himself a mission to study the development of Hitler’s thinking - the point that is usually ignored by historians. Hitler’s personality is revealed through these conversations in all its unpleasant grandeur. The most interesting notes are dated by 1941-1942. At that time Hitler was on the rise and orated with a special inspiration. After Stalingrad, everything changed. It all ended when the Fuhrer, who was hiding in the bunker, increasingly practiced his eloquence only in the circle of sleepy secretaries or in the presence of his aide and doctor... Conversation topics were all but the most essential and urgent - the military one. England, America, India, painting, music, architecture, Aryan Jesus, Bolshevik St. Paul, pharaohs, the Maccabees, Julian the Apostate, King Farouk, vegetarianism and Vikings, the Ptolemaic system, the era of glaciation, Shintoism, prehistoric dogs, spartan soup – despite his utter ignorance, Hitler covered almost all possible issues in his talks. Hitler was tireless in his speeches. Albert Speer and Otto Dietrich unanimously talk about Hitler’s pathological and integral feature â€Å"speech egoism† (Redeegoizmus). It is very interesting to get to know what Hitler reasoned about himself and his empire, how he became a practical politician and political philosopher in one person, Napoleon and Spengler at the same time, who imagined himself to be a Roman emperor entrusted with the sacred mission to plunge the Huns - Russians and destroy Carthage - Britain. I would like to turn attention to Hitler’s opinion of his political opponents on the other side of the English Channel, in the U. S. and Soviet Union. He mentioned that both Anglo-Saxon are worth each other. His general characterization of Roosevelt is striking – the President is an imbecile, a

International Political Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Political Economy - Assignment Example ment of patents and copyrights which will strictly intellectual property rights and investor-state-arbitration that will grant investor the right to initiate dispute against a foreign government under the international law. Personally, I do not think it is necessary to have an additional agreement such as TPP to govern MNCs and FDIs because there are already existing frameworks that functions like TPP such as GATT, NAFTA, APEC etch. TPP however strengthens the enforcement of intellectual property rights and provide investors to initiate dispute against foreign government which could instill confidence among MNCs and FDIs. Recently, President Barack Obama visited its allies in Asia the latest of which is the Philippines. Albeit the two countries had different expectation about Obama’s visit, where President Obama is lobbying for the TPP and the Philippines to get the commitment of United States against China’s increasing aggression, the latter expressed openness and willingness to participate in the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership). Walmart is good for the US/global welfare because it has dramatically cut the price of products by partnering with China. By offshoring its supply center to China, the cost of goods that will be sold drastically dropped making goods and services more affordable and therefore good for US/global welfare. Walmart changed the center of power in retailing that manufacturers no longer dictates price which made it expensive but rather the retailer such as Walmart which is sensitive to the market and dramatically dropped it. Walmart is not good for women. In its drive to bring the cost of its retailed products down, one of the components it downgraded is the salary and benefits of its employees. In addition, there had been reports also that Walmart discriminate against women in its retail outlets which made the retail giant not good for women. Cutting costs to sell cheap had the implication of not only lowering salaries which is

Germany and the germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Germany and the germans class - Essay Example er polished his oratory skills but at the same time he could afford himself to unbosom himself to his confidents, which was unacceptable during official speeches. Trevor-Roper set himself a mission to study the development of Hitler’s thinking - the point that is usually ignored by historians. Hitler’s personality is revealed through these conversations in all its unpleasant grandeur. The most interesting notes are dated by 1941-1942. At that time Hitler was on the rise and orated with a special inspiration. After Stalingrad, everything changed. It all ended when the Fuhrer, who was hiding in the bunker, increasingly practiced his eloquence only in the circle of sleepy secretaries or in the presence of his aide and doctor... Conversation topics were all but the most essential and urgent - the military one. England, America, India, painting, music, architecture, Aryan Jesus, Bolshevik St. Paul, pharaohs, the Maccabees, Julian the Apostate, King Farouk, vegetarianism and Vikings, the Ptolemaic system, the era of glaciation, Shintoism, prehistoric dogs, spartan soup – despite his utter ignorance, Hitler covered almost all possible issues in his talks. Hitler was tireless in his speeches. Albert Speer and Otto Dietrich unanimously talk about Hitler’s pathological and integral feature â€Å"speech egoism† (Redeegoizmus). It is very interesting to get to know what Hitler reasoned about himself and his empire, how he became a practical politician and political philosopher in one person, Napoleon and Spengler at the same time, who imagined himself to be a Roman emperor entrusted with the sacred mission to plunge the Huns - Russians and destroy Carthage - Britain. I would like to turn attention to Hitler’s opinion of his political opponents on the other side of the English Channel, in the U. S. and Soviet Union. He mentioned that both Anglo-Saxon are worth each other. His general characterization of Roosevelt is striking – the President is an imbecile, a

United Arab Emirates Country Profile Essay Example for Free

United Arab Emirates Country Profile Essay The Middle East stirs interest because of its important historical and contemporary role in global affairs. The region caught the interest of the United States only during the Second World War but the region has hosted and witnessed significant world events. Many of the early civilizations emerged from the region such as the Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations. Influential religions such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Zoroastrianism developed in the Middle East. The region also formed part of various empires, in succession, as territorial control changed from the Persian, Greek, Roman, Arab, Mongol, Tatar empires and then to the Turkish empire. The succession of empires led to the fusion of civilisations and cultures leading to various radical changes in the region and human history. (Peretz 1994) During the middle ages, Europe took interest in the Middle East in opening pilgrimage paths to the Holy Land through the Crusades. This increased trade with Western European countries and opened contact of the Middle East with Asia. Napoleon occupied parts of Palestine in the hopes of defeating the British Indian Empire growing in Asia. These expressed recognition of the region’s value as Europe’s gateway to the greater Asian region. Tsarist Russia also moved southward in attempts to take control of Iran and Turkey. (Peretz 1994) With the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Suez Canal trading route opened opportunities for various European countries establishing interest in the Middle East. Competing interests fuelled various wars and diplomatic conferences to settle control of the Turkish Straits. Nazi Germany also sought to gain a foothold into the Middle East and then into Asia. During the First and Second World Wars, weapons and supplies passed through the trading routes of the Middle East. In the 1940s, the Middle East gained more importance with the discovery of its vast oil reserves, particularly in the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. The Middle East gained strategic value not only for its trading routes but also for its massive oil resources. Many foreign companies sought concessions to extract oil from the region. Oil exports supported the growth of industries in European countries and the United States since at least eighty percent of oil consumed in these western regions came from the Middle East. In the early 1960s, the states comprising the Arabian Peninsula and Iran produced one-quarter of the total global oil production with an unknown volume of reserves. During the Cold War, the clashing ideological interests sought to capture the acquiescence of the Middle East, with Russia exerting pressure from the north and the United States exerting pressure from the west. (Peretz 1994) Due to these events, the Middle East became an important region in world affairs. Middle East is the regional name given by Western European states to the block of territory located at the South Western border of Asia, North Eastern border of Africa, and Western border of South Asia. As a collective term, Middle East is a large region comprised of the countries Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. This area, previously called Far East, is located in between the European and East Asian regions. The term also connotes countries sharing a predominantly Islamic culture. (â€Å"Middle East† 2007)

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events Event Stakeholder Behaviour Contents (Jump to) Introduction The Context Stakeholder Behaviour Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Wilson (2000) stated that he believes the factors determining buyer behaviour is a proposition that is extremely difficult in that the processes are both complex as well as difficult to understand as a result of the many external influences at work acting upon and affecting the decisions. The purpose of buyer behavioral models is to aid marketers in mapping out the factors and influences that could affect the outcome, and then weighing those factors to assist in the decisions that will result in their favor. Identifying the buying behaviour patterns of both the attendee and the sponsor in the sports sector of the events industry entails considering that such is taking place within a semi controlled environment which in effect aids the sponsor as there are less outside competing influences vying for the attendees attention even though the atmosphere is charged with intense mental and other stimuli. The relationship involved in the setting indicated, sports sector of the events industry, means that the sponsor represents the marketer seeking to influence the outcome with reference to the attendee, to have him or her try, purchase, or consider their offering. In this context, the sponsor is seeking multiple outcomes representing a past, now and future connotation in that the preceding represent either changing an attendees preconceived notions or ideas of his offering, this represents past influences, having the attendee purchase or try the product within the setting at the event, and influ encing the attendee to re-consider their ideas on his offering that could result in trial, consideration, inquiry, trial or purchase after leaving the event. These preceding multiple objectives are valid approaches in that a singular approach, seeking ‘now’ results, overlooks and ignores the other equally important factors that are present in any gathering of distinctly different individuals of varied age groups, experiences, backgrounds and demographics. The opinions expressed by Engel et al (1968) suggest that an advertiser or sponsor should be mindful not to overstate nor understand the attributes, features or other aspects of their offering as this might result in a negative perception when real world circumstances such as actual usage or trail occur. Dubois (2000) reminds us that theorists such as Sigmund Freud have attempted to analyze what might influence individuals studying the psyche as well as subconscious motivations as their means of doing so. The implications of planning for such an event means that sponsors must consider a number of differing and unique aspects in consideration of the circumstantial context in the planning of marketing activities. The Context Buyer behaviour differs from consumer behaviour in that the former is the domain of business and marketing professionals seeking to understand this phenomenon (Schiffman et al, 2000). The Sheth et al (1969) model, which consists of multi variables, attempts to inculcate knowledge concerning a consumer’s purchase along with their behaviour, through the utilization of a transformation process. In this model it shows the stages concerning influences that affect the behaviour process (Sheth et al, 1969): The ‘Significative’ Stage The ‘Symbolic’ Stage, and The ‘Social’ Stage Contained within the preceding stages ‘reference groups’ are mentioned, which Bearden et al (1982) describe as â€Å"†¦ a person or group of people that significantly influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the behaviour of an individual. The three types of reference groups described by Bearden et al (1982) are: Information Influences: This type of group seeks out the information by which to make a decision that is reliable. Utilitarian Influences: This group seeks to want to appear like others within the group to either avoid punishments and/or to receive certain benefits. Value-expressive Influences: In this reference group the influenced party accepts the positions and or perceptions of others as a result of the need to belong. The preceding contextual ramifications are factors which need to be considered by sponsors in their more active role in the process as they represent influences upon the attendee. It should be noted that the Sheth et al (1969) model does not predict purchase behaviour; it simply lays out the influences that might affect behaviour that can then be utilized as a frame of reference. The model explains how influence and inputs are evaluated as well as utilized by the buyer as a result of perceptual and learning constructs (Sheth et al, 1969), and then goes on to identify the eventual outcomes and outputs of the process. Marketers utilize buyer behaviour, models, to aid them in arriving at assumptions. The preceding helps them to analyze, understand, evaluate, criticize and monitor a specific market and or product. Chisnal (1994) indicates that there are the following uses for models: That they aid in mapping out the various characteristics that might affect the eventual purchase of an offering in a manner that is more simplified. And that they result in marketing strategies that are more effective as they are developed as a result of outcomes that are likely as predicted from the model. Additionally, Chisnall (1994) indicates that a well-structured and effective model will be: Relevant: In that the model(s) must be applicable to marketing situations that are real. Comprehensible In this instance the models need to be both well constructed as well as clear. Valid This type of model is verifiable in terms of occurrences in the real world. The utilization of multi-variable models refer to the attendee, sponsor aspects as being examined herein as the factors, circumstances and influences acting within and without are more complex as well as include multiple relationships and aspects from behavioral sciences. Said models are more representative concerning the actual characteristics regarding buyer behaviour, however they are not easily analyzed. Inherent in this equation is the consideration of temporal constraints. The situation that considers the buyer behaviour in the sports sector of the events industry that is time dependent. Said events have a time period correlation which represents the length said event shall take place. Fraisse (1963) pointed out that individuals are usually influenced by conditions of situation in making judgments about time. The preceding is important in helping to mold buyer behavior in that studies conducted regarding the influence of varied mood states has shown that it has a factor in the way they estimate the duration of an event as well as their temporal orientation (Hornik, 1981). The further implications of the foregoing presents the opportunity for sponsors to introduce an additional element into the equation to aid in increasing the net effect of their efforts, as well as the other input variables. As all of these factors have differing effects with respect to their input on buyer behavi or, common sense dictates that the utilization of as many non-conflicting elements as possible will thus skew the potential outcome more in one’s favor. Thus, understanding the need to induce a positive and uplifting mood as a factor in buyer behaviour inducement represents an opportunity to increase the net effect of the message, action, influence or course one desires or seeks to obtain as a result. Hornik’s (1981) studies suggested that individuals in a positive mood will more than likely be disposed to be future oriented, whereas individuals in a negative mood will have an orientation more geared to the present, or now. This explains the utilization of bright lights, colors, theme music and a festive atmosphere as important variables. The preceding is the general overall mood present in events conducted in the sports sector as they are seen or perceived as recreational or entertaining, thus striking or establishing a pre-conceived mood expectation that needs to be amplified or at least rise to those expectations in order to maintain the positive future orientation factor. The second time-based research that enters into consideration is called ‘intertemporal choice.’ (Hornik’s, 1984) Hornik (1984) continued his work on temporal studies in another work in this area brought out the fact that in such, intertemoral choice, decisions concerning buying behaviour entail the consideration of costs and benefits that are spread over time. Utilization of presentation, message delivery and the non-complexity of information are important variables to be attended to as part of the planning of marketing activities. Stakeholder Behaviour With the conditional boundaries being understood as occurring in the sports sector of the events industry, the analysis contains a number of constraints which can be adjusted to work in favor of the sponsor, but which work upon the attendee. The proper event, based upon its demographic and other component factors, represents an opportunity for a particular business or corporation to have a forum to reach segments of their demographic profile on a more personal and controlled basis. The event entails a participatory structure whereby the attendee either elects to make an appearance, or is expected to do so by his peers, or other considerations. As the first option is the overwhelming choice, due to the voluntary nature, said attendees are more than likely to be in an anticipatory mode with the expectation of an enjoyable time. With this as the foundational mood sponsors should be more disposed to buying into the circumstances as a platform to reach attendees, who conversely are likely to be in a more receptive mood to influences as a result of the festive occasion, in general. Chisnall (1994) refers to the foregoing, on the part of the attendee, as the importance of social considerations in consumer behaviour. Palmer (1998) as well as Chisnall (1994) refer to the importance of establishing and building customer loyalty as variables in the buying process. The foregoing applicability with respect to sponsors in event marketing is a factor of the manner in which the event is conducted, organized and the interest factor inherent within the event and sporting connection. The loyalty of the attendee can be enhanced by his perception that the sponsor or advertiser support the activity, thus tend to be viewed positively. Today’s general public is aware of corporate participation and support as a result of p ronouncements in the media, as well as comparison with other activities. This awareness represents the opportunity to establish a foundation of loyalty perception that is beneficial. The importance of the social setting is a further positive aspect which influences and impacts upon buyer behaviour, as well as the group associations (Rice, 1997). The relatively ‘captive’ nature of event marketing has its appeal in reaching a defined number of individuals within a context and setting that is conductive to buying behavior as well as one which the marketer has considerable control, and influence, relative to the other participants. Sherif et al (1961) refer to the preceding as involvement as described below: High involvement products set up the parameters for a positive balance in the relationship between the performance outcome and the expectation level(s) Low Involvement products set up or result in a negative relationship correlation between performance and expectations. The preceding implication is that active participation and a level of balanced and believable performance sets the foundation for trust and thus a positive relationship. There is effort on the part of the sponsor to be there through selling means, thus setting up an important component of buyer recognition, and thus influence. Passive advertising or promotional forms entail magazine or print utilizations and thus are not participatory. The distinction is that a specific occurrence, or event, entails the participation of active as well as passive individuals, with the advantage going to the active participants influencing the passive. The attendees represent the passive element and thus the climate for buyer behavior is enhanced as it brings together both elements under conditions that foster more intense involvement and interaction. Conclusion Buying behaviour is a condition that can either be amplified or left at its relative levels based upon the everyday forces, influences and circumstances of and behavioral group. This includes attendees as well as sponsors. The common glue that binds the aforementioned is the relationship between the two parties. They represent passive and active modes, and these forces are consistently present as a condition of life. We are either being influenced, or influencing. The levels and amount of individuals thus affected, is a determinant of the degree of organization as well as purpose and offering. Thus, underwriting events within the sporting sector represents an optimum opportunity to be associated with a captive audience that is coming together for a festive occasion, be this a baseball, football, soccer or basketball game or other competitive endeavor. Such an occasion represents a situation whereby a sponsor’s interest in such an event is heightened as a result of it providing more buying behavioral factors to be brought to bear. This thus creates buying behavior difference on the part of the attendee. Increased buyer behavioral patterns are also present on the attendee side as a result of the same elemental input factors that influence such an event, as described by (Sheth et al, 1969), Bearden et al (1982), and Chisnal (1994) in their mention of ‘significance, symbolic and social stages†, along with influences of an ‘ informational, utilitarian or value-expressive nature, and the mapping out the ‘characteristics useful in developing marketing strategies’, respectively. Bibliography Bearden, W., Etzel, M. J. 1982. Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions. Vol. 14, Issue 9, p-184, 09/1982. Journal of Consumer Research Chisnall. Peter. 1994. Consumer Behaviour. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York. ISBN: 0077076168 Dubois, B. 2000. Understanding the Consumer: A European Perspective. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, the United States. ISBN: 0136163688 Engle, J.F., Kollat, D.T., Blackwell, R.D. 1968. Consumer Behavior. Holt, Rinehart Winston, New York, New York, United States Hornik, Jacob. 1984. Subjective vs. Objective Time Measures: A Note on the Perception of Time in Consumer Behavior. 06/1984, Vol. 11, pp 615-618. Journal of Consumer Research Hornik, Jacob. 1981. Time Cue and Time Perception Effect on Response to Mail Surveys. 05, 1981, Vol. 18, pp 243-249. Journal of Marketing Research Palmer, Adrian. 1998. Principles of Services Marketing. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, United States. ISBN: 0077097483 Rice, Chris. 1997. Understanding Customers. Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 0750623225 Schiffman, L., Kanuk, L. 2000. Consumer Behavior. Prentice Hall, London, The United Kingdom Sheth, J.N., Howard, J.A.. 1069. The Theory of Buyer Behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, United States Sherif, M., Hovland, C. 1961. Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. United States Wilson, D.F. 2000. Why divide consumer and organizational buyer behaviour?. Vol. 34, Issue 7, pp 780-796. European Journal of Marketing

Eaters of The Dead :: essays papers

Eaters of The Dead â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† by Michael Crichton is a fiction but with historical background. Through this piece Crichton hopes to express the way of life for the Vikings in the year 922 AD while at the same time creating an entertaining story. Using a manuscript written by Ibn-Fadlan Crichton pieced together a book filled with adventure and excitement. Michael Crichton was born in Chicago, 1942 and always knew he had a talent for writing. He attended Brown University and has since published many books such as â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Rising Sun†, â€Å"Disclosure†, and many more. Several of his books have been made into movies, for example, â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Lost World†, â€Å"Sphere†, â€Å"Congo†, and â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† is coming to theatres this summer starring Antonio Banderas. Michael Crichton is also the writer of the hit TV show â€Å"ER†. Ibn-Fadlan is a refined Arab courtier representing the powerful Caliph of Baghdad and the whole story line is based on his travels. He is a Muslim and is sent to the Bulgar land to instruct the king in the Islamic religion, acquaint the king with Islamic laws, and build a Mosque in the city. Little does Ibn-Fadlan know where his travels will lead him. Wyglif is the present chief of the Northmen (at the time) he has fallen ill and is believed to have no chance of recovery. Once he dies, shortly after becoming ill, Buliwyf is made the new leader. Buliwyf is a young noble chosen to be the Northmens new leader once Wyglif dies. He is a courageous warrior, very tall and strong, and skin, hair, and beard of pure white. Herger, one of the Northmen warriors, also became Ibn-Fadlan’s friend. He helped him to translate the words of the Northmen and also helped Ibn-Fadlan become accustomed to their way of life and how to act around the Northmen. â€Å"The Wendols† are characters in the story who, as told by Ibn-Fadlan, do not seem fully human. They ride on the back of a black horse and have the head of a bear. They are extremely fierce warriors and are quite vindictive. They give off a stench so strong it hurts to breathe because they consume human flesh and it is always on their breath. They come with the mist, a dark fog that encircles the land when the Wendols come.

Hannah More vs. William Blake :: Poem Poetry Compare Contrast Essays

Hannah More vs. William Blake The Little Black Boy and The Sorrows of Yamba are both anti-slavery poems. Both Blake and More were against the political and social structure of slavery, but the way in which they choose to address the issue through their poetry is quite different. Differences in tonality, gender of main characters, implications for the future of these characters, and the audiences these pieces were addressed to make for a good contrast to the similarities they inevitably share in being both anti-slavery. Blake's poem, The Little Black Boy seems to be more hopeful then More's, The Sorrows of Yamba, which is in accordance with comments made about Blake's general attitude in Songs of Innocence. This hopefulness appears to come from a combination of faith and hope on the part of the author mixed with a type of ignorance on the characters part. The boy does not know any better; therefore, he can envision a heaven where he is an equal to the white English boy in heaven with him. More's poem does not seem as hopeful, it is more laden with grotesque imagery, something we might expect to see in a counterpart to Little Black Boy in Songs of Experience. More's descriptions are corporeal, and the despair and pain seem to be shouting out of these carcasses with 'mangled flesh.' Part of this difference in tonality may be due to the gender of the narrators and similarly the authors. As a man, Blake has always maintained the position a more privileged position in society compared to More simply beca use she is a woman. Although Blake may not agree with slavery, he is not writing from the perspective of a person who has been marginalized because of a biological difference within him, whereas More is. Perhaps because of this she has more knowledge and understanding of the internal strife, and more of a right to speak, of a person of color being stripped of all they have - even the desire to live. However, beyond the superficial reading of the authors' gender, though beneficial, there are lots of similarities and differences within the texts themselves. First, the genders of the narrators match up with the genders of the authors. One is a child, a boy, and one is an adult-the mother. I thought Blake's poem seemed to fit within the end of More's poem through the mother's sentiment, in the sense that the little boy was accepting Christian teachings of heaven?

Estimating the Iron(II) content in an iron tablet using a standard solution of potassium manganate (VII) Essay

Calculating the amount of iron(II) present The iron was oxidized from its 2+ state to 3+ by sulfuric acid: And the manganate iron was reduced as follows: This half equation is balanced as follows: Since the above equation involves the transfer of five electrons, the equation involving iron needs to be multiplied by five before the two half equations can be added together: Adding the two half equations: This simplifies to: This equation shows that for every five present, one is required for the reaction to be completed. 19.1ml of potassium manganate solution was used for titration. From this the amount of manganate ions used can be calculated as follows: Amount of present = Mass of present = Since the volume of solution used was 25cm3, one-tenth of the total solution made from the five iron tablets, the above calculation shows that: . Dividing this value by 5, we get 53.3mg of Fe present in each tablet. We may also calculate the amount of Iron(II) Sulfate are present in each tablet: Molar mass of Iron(II) Sulfate, FeSO4: 55.8+32+164 = 151.8g/mol Amount of FeSO4 present: /5 tablets The mass of the five iron tablets was measured to be 1.552gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.0001. Dividing this value by five gives 0.310g per tablet, or 310mg. This means that the percentage of Iron(II)Sulfate present in each tablet in mass is as follows: Uncertainties calculation Percentage uncertainty for pipette reading = ==> Volume of iron (II) solution used = 25mlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05 Percentage uncertainty for burette reading = ==> Volume of potassium manganate used = 19.1mlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05 Adding the percentage uncertainties together, the overall uncertainty is 0.462%. Converting this to the uncertainty of the total amount of iron sulfate present, we obtain: Thus, the total amount of iron sulfate can be said to be 145mgà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.670 Literature value for mass of Iron Sulfate present in one tablet is 160mg. The percentage error of the experimental results can thus be calculated as follows: Converting this into absolute error in the amount of iron, we obtain: Thus, the total amount of iron sulfate with respect to its error value can be said to be 145mgà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½13.6. Conclusion In this investigation it was found through calculations that each of the iron tablet contained approximately 145mg of Iron (II) Sulfate. This is 15mg less than the listed amount of 160mg on the package, or 10% less than the literature value. This may have happened because some of the crushed tablets were left behind in the mortar. Another possible reason is that some of the iron in the iron (II) solution deposited in the bottom of the volumetric flask. This would mean that the pipette was filled with solution of less iron concentration than the average concentration. This would explain the smaller obtained value. It was also found that the percentage error value was significantly bigger than the percentage uncertainty. This suggests that there was systematic error in this experiment. A possible way to solve this problem is to calibrate the burette and pipette next time before conducting the experiment. Evaluation This investigation has several flaws in its method. Potassium manganate (VII) solution was used in this experiment to titrate against the iron tablet solution. However, because it readily decomposes into manganese dioxide (MnO2), it is difficult to ever obtain a solution with exact concentration. The result is that the volume of manganate (VII) solution used might have been bigger than necessary due to decreased concentration as a result of decomposition. To minimize this from happening, the solution should be kept in a clean container and exposed to as little light as possible, as the solution decomposes faster under light and contaminated container. The obtained result was smaller than literature value, and this may have been because some of the powdered tablet was left in the mortar. To improve the accuracy of this experiment, one should wash the mortar with sulfuric acid or distilled water, which can then be transferred to the volumetric flask. This would allow more of the iron tablet to be contained in the acidic solution, thus increasing the amount of iron present. To extend this investigation, one can experiment on more types of iron tablets. Alternatively, a different content such as calcium or potassium can be investigated. This would require different types of tablets to be used.

The Era of the “Common Man”

The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) had been celebrated as the era of the â€Å"common man. † To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider two of the following in your response: Economic development, politics, and reform movements. The Jacksonian period, nicknamed the era of the â€Å"common man,† lived up to its characterization. President Andrew Jackson influenced the life of the common man forever. He brought politics to the common man by expanding voting rights, once a topic only discussed by the wealth elite.He partook in movements that reformed the nation, and bettered life for American citizens. Also, Jackson developed the economy in such a way that he gave reassurance to the common man, that he was economically safe; during this time, many Americans did not feel that they were in a state of economic stability, but Jackson gave them their piece of mind. This time period was a turning point in the history of America because Andrew Jackson recognized the nation’s problems, addressed the issues of the common man, and bettered the lives of most, if not all Americans.Jeffersonian Democracy was a new view brought to American politics during the early 19th century. American voting was revolutionized because direct voting methods, such as voting by voice were eliminated, and replaced by indirect voting methods, such as ballots. During this transformation, voter participation skyrocketed. By 1840, nearly 80 percent of adult white males journeyed to the polls. Voting popularity increased when property qualifications for voting and office holding were abolished.Under the new constitution, adopted in 1821, all adult white males were allowed to vote as long as they paid their taxes or had served their country. Years later, taxpaying qualifications were eliminated creating universal manhood suffrage for the first time, in America (http://w ww. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=633). Although unive rsal white manhood suffrage was finally a reality, women and African Americans were still constrained from voting. Although, women and African Americans still could not vote, there was a huge change in politics.There was an increase in the interest in presidential elections; for the first time in American history, the election of 1828 was the focus of the public attention. All candidates, including Jackson, attempted to gain the support of the public by addressing common issues. Now, all governing bodies had become more responsive to public opinions, and individual Americans were getting the opportunity to voice their opinion in American politics. Before, during, and after his presidency, President Andrew Jackson partook in reform movements that bettered the American nation and the life of the common man.First off, Jackson attempted to deplete the national debt, through reforms. He ended the Federal Reserve, being the Second National Bank of the United States. When the bank asked co ngress for a renewal bill, Jackson vetoed this legislation. Jackson removed deposits from the national bank, and placed them in state banks. Andrew Jackson was the last American president to attempt to rid America of debt, through a series of reforms (http://www. examiner. com/la-county-nonpartisan-in-los-angeles/top-10-americans-for-monetary-reform-3-president-andrew-jackson).During his presidency, Jackson also strived for educational reforms. Although Jackson had little formal education himself, he saw the importance of educational reform in such ways to create taxes to support public schooling. During the age of Jackson, adults had the opportunity to achieve a higher education, and it was becoming mandatory for children to receive a formal education. Lastly, during this era, there were a series of movements that attempted to perfect the human condition through â€Å"cleans society of moral evils. During this time period, the Temperance Movement and the Mormon Movement created a new sense of community and an impersonal society (http://www. ethanlewis. org/history/downloads/guides/Ch12. pdf). There is no question that Jackson’s term was as a reform president; reforms to all aspects of modern society bettered the lives of the American people. When Jackson took office, one of the leading issues in congress concerned economic development policies.Andrew Jackson backed the system of protective tariffs, which fostered domestic industry along with federal subsidies for transportation projects. Jackson supported this American system, and saw that it was a way of securing economic independence and improving the country’s strength (http://millercenter. org/academic/americanpresident/jackson /essays/biography/4). Jackson also ended the cycle of land speculation, in Eastern states, by relocating the Native Americans off of Eastern land. From this, new land opened up to Americans, who now had areas to expand.

Analysis Of Pepsico Vision Statement Business Essay

Analysis Of Pepsico Vision Statement Business Essay PepsiCo is a company which is most successful well-known brands in the world. Pepsi Company is nationally and globally to operating in non-alcoholic beverage industry, soft drink industry, and savoury snack industry. Besides that, PepsiCo offers the world’s largest portfolio of food and beverage brands included 22 different product lines. And the biggest competition from competitor is Coca-Cola in soft drink industry. Analysis of PepsiCo Vision Statement According to vision statement of PepsiCo, I had used seven components to analysis the vision such as directional, graphic, focus, flexible, feasible, desirable, and easy to understand. First of all, the directional component of PepsiCo is target to become a truly sustainable company by using focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value. From the case, PepsiCo has extensive statements on sustainability, the environment, health and wellness, and diversity. Pepsi Company is nationally and globally to operating in non-alcoholic beverage industry, soft drink industry, and savoury snack industry. PepsiCo is able to expansion market to serve new market segment by provides health and safety product to make consumer more confidence to purchase and become a sustainable company. Besides that, the graphic component of PepsiCo is not appearing in the current vision statement. From the current vision, it has no mention about company management is create and the market position the company is striving to stake out. Moreover, the focus component of PepsiCo is focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value. According to the PepsiCo case which said that PepsiCo are focusing in projects to increase to use of recycled materials and reduce material used in packaging. It will help PepsiCo build a good brand image, environment friendly and good reputation. When brand image is created, it will incre ase brand awareness of Pepsi and easy to launch new product to serve new market segment and achieve the commitment of shareholder value. However, once the commitment with shareholder is broken it will bring negative effect to the company such as poor reputation and decrease number of invertors. In addition, the flexible component of PepsiCo is creating a better tomorrow than today. From the statement, PepsiCo is wanted to improve all aspects of the world to create a better future. So, it may help increase more potential profitability due to better than previous year. And, it also assists PepsiCo a step forward to be truly sustainable company. Yet, it also some aspect is uncontrollable such as new competitor and economic downturn. Furthermore, the feasible component is about the reasonable expect to achieve in due time. From the case, PepsiCo is expecting continually to improve all the aspects of the world. PepsiCo is able to achieve this vision due to strong financial and also wide range of distribution network. It also has opportunities capture more market share around the world. However, it needs resources and times to achieve the goal. Additionally, the desirable component is about long term interest of stakeholders. In the vision of PepsiCo, it is commitment to build shareholder value. PepsiCo has long history of delivery strong financial growth for shareholders with the powerful brand and commitment to sustainability and top global talent. Conversely, it also face problem when shareholders may disagree with PepsiCo decision making and may occur conflict belong PepsiCo and shareholder.